How are the modals being used in each of these sentences? Decide whether
they express: request, permission, invitation, offers, promises, suggestions,
advice, obligation, necessity, possibility or impossibility, future time, predictions,
logical inferences, abilities, or past habitual actions.
Examples: Can I ask you a question? request
Can you speak Spanish? ability
1. Will you open the door?
2. Will the office be open tomorrow?
3. I can't hear you.
4. You cant smoke here; it's a church.
5. You shouldnt smoke; it's bad for your health.
6. You really ought to see a doctor.
7. The doctor has just finished with another patient, and ought to be
ready to see you in just a minute.
8. You walked twenty miles today? You must be tired!
9. You must leave at once if you dont want to miss the train.
10. I may be late tonight, so plan on eating dinner without me.
11. Can I speak to Dr. Martinez?
12. You may not leave before the teacher tells you to.
13. I'm interested in buying that cat but it could be too expensive.
14. Could you pass the butter?
15. Could you read when you were five years old?
Answers: 1.request 2.future time 3.abilities 4.permission 5.advice 6.permission/necessity
7.predictions 8.logical inference 9.necessity 10.prediction 11.request 12.permission 13.prediction 14.request 15.abilities
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Monday, March 9, 2009
Thursday, March 5, 2009
Noun and its Functions
A word has been bracketed in each sentence. On the line before the sentence, tell how the
noun functions by writing the function's corresponding letter. The functions and their
letters are as follows: [s] subject; [do] direct object; [io] indirect object; [prep] object of the
preposition; [pn] predicate noun; [da] direct address; and [ap] appositive. Score 5 points for
each correct answer.
1. - Our [dog] chased the truck down the road.
2. - [Children,] please move toward the next door.
3. _ We handed the [packages] to the clerk.
4. --The salutatorian gave [Roberto] a sign of approval.
5. --Mr. Bauer is our new [assemblyman.]
6. --The Empire State, [New York,] has several large cities.
7. --When are we going to the [movies?]
8. --Joe Josephs passed the [ball] to his favorite receiver, Phil Phillips.
9. --Can you, [Bertie,] look for my keys in the den?
10. --One of the salespeople presented [Dad] with the required information.
11. --A [shower] of bullets alerted the soldiers of the imminent danger.
12. --[Tactics] such as these will no longer be tolerated.
13. --Do you think this can be accomplished sooner, [Ed?]
14. --Lucille is the current [champion] of the tennis club.
15. --The director of the organization is [Ricardo Alvarez.]
16. --None of the tickets had been removed from the [bucket.]
17. --Present the [boy] with the plaque, Rudy.
18. --Take these [parts] to the front desk.
19. --Tina, the team's best [player], will be missed next year.
20. --We will remember her for a long [time.]
answers: 1.s 2.da 3.do 4.io 5.pn 6.ap 7.op 8.do 9.da 10.io 11.s 12.s 13.da
14.pn 15.pn 16.op 17.io 18.do 19.ap 20.op
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Tuesday, March 3, 2009
Three of a kind.
"#2-2 Three of a kind
1] article 2] adjective 3] subject 4] helping verb 5] main verb 6] adverb
7] prepositional phrase 8] direct object 9] indirect object 10] dependent clause
Write the part of speech and function of the bracketed portion of the sentence.
1] [The] man in the [blue] suit is my father's [best] friend.
2] The [doctor] [slowly] [handed] [me] the [instrument] [near the machine.]
3] Those [who forget the past] [will] [be] in trouble in the future.
4] [Each] of the people in the room knows your sister's [fame.]
5] The talented architect [who designed this city] [gained] [lasting] fame because of
his feat.
6] [Lately] I [have] not been [feeling] well and think I should see a doctor.
7] The painting [that is hanging in the adjacent room] was a gift [to the embassy.]
8] [He] gave [me] [a] chance to take the last shot in the game.
9] [An] intelligent decision must be made [immediately] in this case.
10] Jayson will [be] studying [physical therapy] [for the next three years.]
answers: 1. art/adj/adj 2. sub/adv/mai/ind/dir/prep 3. dep/hel/mai 4. dep/dir 5. dep/mai/adj 6. adv/hel/mai 7. dep/prep 8. sub/ind/art 9. art/adv 10. hel/dir/prep
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1] article 2] adjective 3] subject 4] helping verb 5] main verb 6] adverb
7] prepositional phrase 8] direct object 9] indirect object 10] dependent clause
Write the part of speech and function of the bracketed portion of the sentence.
1] [The] man in the [blue] suit is my father's [best] friend.
2] The [doctor] [slowly] [handed] [me] the [instrument] [near the machine.]
3] Those [who forget the past] [will] [be] in trouble in the future.
4] [Each] of the people in the room knows your sister's [fame.]
5] The talented architect [who designed this city] [gained] [lasting] fame because of
his feat.
6] [Lately] I [have] not been [feeling] well and think I should see a doctor.
7] The painting [that is hanging in the adjacent room] was a gift [to the embassy.]
8] [He] gave [me] [a] chance to take the last shot in the game.
9] [An] intelligent decision must be made [immediately] in this case.
10] Jayson will [be] studying [physical therapy] [for the next three years.]
answers: 1. art/adj/adj 2. sub/adv/mai/ind/dir/prep 3. dep/hel/mai 4. dep/dir 5. dep/mai/adj 6. adv/hel/mai 7. dep/prep 8. sub/ind/art 9. art/adv 10. hel/dir/prep
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Identify the subject and the verb.
By definition, a simple sentence has a single main [or independent] clause. A simple sentence must have a subject and a predicate. Type the first letter of the subject and the main verb in each sentence.
1. The warden handed the prisoner a towel.
2. All of the soldiers talked about the strenuous drills.
3. The song took me back to the days of my youth.
4. The hawk quickly elevated itself toward the mountains.
5. War overtook the small foreign town.
6. The boy's sad realization lingered for days.
7. The days speed by.
8. The skilled linguist articulated the phrases beautifully.
9. That particular region of the state generated much revenue.
10. The estimates of our treasurer seem reasonable.
answers: 1warden, handed 2All, talked 3song, took 4hawk, elevated 5war, overtook 6realization, lingered 7days, speed 8linguist, articulated 9region, generated 10estimates, seem
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sentence
1. The warden handed the prisoner a towel.
2. All of the soldiers talked about the strenuous drills.
3. The song took me back to the days of my youth.
4. The hawk quickly elevated itself toward the mountains.
5. War overtook the small foreign town.
6. The boy's sad realization lingered for days.
7. The days speed by.
8. The skilled linguist articulated the phrases beautifully.
9. That particular region of the state generated much revenue.
10. The estimates of our treasurer seem reasonable.
answers: 1warden, handed 2All, talked 3song, took 4hawk, elevated 5war, overtook 6realization, lingered 7days, speed 8linguist, articulated 9region, generated 10estimates, seem
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sentence
The Simple Sentence and Its Parts 7, 8, 9, 10
"SENTENCE 7: Object case after preposition
Sentence 7: She fell over me.
Constituents of a sentence: Subject [She] Predicate [fell over me.]
Sentence analysis: S:pronoun [She] P:verb[fell] P:prep [over] P:pro[me.]
Why is sentence 7 not *She fell over I? Because prepositions take the object case. Me can't be the object of fell, because we know that fall is an intransitive verb. In a sentence such as She sent him to me, him is the object of the verb send, and me is the object of the preposition to.
SENTENCE 8: Noun phrase
Sentence 8: The poor girl fell over the chair.
Constituents of a sentence: Subject [The poor girl] Predicate [fell over the chair.]
Sentence analysis: S:noun phrase[The poor girl] P:verb[fell] P:prep[over] P:noun phrase [the chair.]
Noun phrase: a group of words made up of a noun and one or more words modifying or specifying it.
SENTENCE 9: Preposition phrase
Sentence 9: The poor girl fell over the chair.
Constiuents of a sentence: Subject [The poor girl] Predicate [fell over the chair.]
Sentence Analysis: S:noun phrase[The poor girl] P: v[fell] P:prep. phrase, prep[over]
P:prep.phrase, noun phrase [the chair.]
SENTENCE 10: Adverbial
Sentence 10: The poor girl fell over the chair.
Constituents of a sentence: Subject [The poor girl] Predicate [fell over the chair.]
Sentence Analysis: S:noun phrase[The poor girl] P:verb[fell] P:adverbial[prep. phrase] [over the chair.]
A preposition phrase usually functions as an adverb and so is called an adverbial.
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sentence parts
Sentence 7: She fell over me.
Constituents of a sentence: Subject [She] Predicate [fell over me.]
Sentence analysis: S:pronoun [She] P:verb[fell] P:prep [over] P:pro[me.]
Why is sentence 7 not *She fell over I? Because prepositions take the object case. Me can't be the object of fell, because we know that fall is an intransitive verb. In a sentence such as She sent him to me, him is the object of the verb send, and me is the object of the preposition to.
SENTENCE 8: Noun phrase
Sentence 8: The poor girl fell over the chair.
Constituents of a sentence: Subject [The poor girl] Predicate [fell over the chair.]
Sentence analysis: S:noun phrase[The poor girl] P:verb[fell] P:prep[over] P:noun phrase [the chair.]
Noun phrase: a group of words made up of a noun and one or more words modifying or specifying it.
SENTENCE 9: Preposition phrase
Sentence 9: The poor girl fell over the chair.
Constiuents of a sentence: Subject [The poor girl] Predicate [fell over the chair.]
Sentence Analysis: S:noun phrase[The poor girl] P: v[fell] P:prep. phrase, prep[over]
P:prep.phrase, noun phrase [the chair.]
SENTENCE 10: Adverbial
Sentence 10: The poor girl fell over the chair.
Constituents of a sentence: Subject [The poor girl] Predicate [fell over the chair.]
Sentence Analysis: S:noun phrase[The poor girl] P:verb[fell] P:adverbial[prep. phrase] [over the chair.]
A preposition phrase usually functions as an adverb and so is called an adverbial.
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sentence parts
The Simple Sentence and Its Parts 4, 5, 6,
"SENTENCE 4: The articles, modals, infinitive
Sentence 4: The little moggy can pounce rapidly.
Constituents of a sentence: Subject [The little moggy] Predicate [can pounce rapidly.]
Sentence analysis: S: d.article [The] S:adj [little] S:noun [moggy] P: modal aux. verb [can] P: /main verb/ bare infinitive [pounce] P: adv. [rapidly.]
In sentence 4 we are introduced to the definite article, a modal auxiliary verb [shortened to modal aux., modal verb, even simply modal] and the infinitive.
SENTENCE 5: 'Be' as auxiliary verb, + -ing participle
Sentence 5: A new day was dawning.
Constituents of a sentence: Subject [A new day] Predicate [was dawning.]
Sentence Analysis: S: indef.art.[A] S: adj.[new] S: noun [day] P:'be' as aux. verb [was] P: /main verb/ -ing participle [dawning.]
In sentence 5, the indefinite article a, and the verb be [in the form of was] in its function of primary auxiliary verb [two types of aux. verb: modal and primary]. The main verb takes the -ing form [pronounced '-ing'' or I-N-G] and may be called the -ing participle.
SENTENCE 6: Pronoun, preposition
Sentence 6: She left him in Yonkers.
Constituents of a sentence: Subject [She] Predicate [left him in Yonkers.]
Sentence Analysis: S:pronoun[She] P:verb [left] P:/object/ pronoun [him] P:preposition [in] P:noun [Yonkers.]
In sentence 6, we are introduced to [personal] pronouns and prepositions. You may notice that personal pronouns are the only words in English that have a different form for subject and object, i.e. sentence 6 is not *She left he.
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sentence parts
Sentence 4: The little moggy can pounce rapidly.
Constituents of a sentence: Subject [The little moggy] Predicate [can pounce rapidly.]
Sentence analysis: S: d.article [The] S:adj [little] S:noun [moggy] P: modal aux. verb [can] P: /main verb/ bare infinitive [pounce] P: adv. [rapidly.]
In sentence 4 we are introduced to the definite article, a modal auxiliary verb [shortened to modal aux., modal verb, even simply modal] and the infinitive.
SENTENCE 5: 'Be' as auxiliary verb, + -ing participle
Sentence 5: A new day was dawning.
Constituents of a sentence: Subject [A new day] Predicate [was dawning.]
Sentence Analysis: S: indef.art.[A] S: adj.[new] S: noun [day] P:'be' as aux. verb [was] P: /main verb/ -ing participle [dawning.]
In sentence 5, the indefinite article a, and the verb be [in the form of was] in its function of primary auxiliary verb [two types of aux. verb: modal and primary]. The main verb takes the -ing form [pronounced '-ing'' or I-N-G] and may be called the -ing participle.
SENTENCE 6: Pronoun, preposition
Sentence 6: She left him in Yonkers.
Constituents of a sentence: Subject [She] Predicate [left him in Yonkers.]
Sentence Analysis: S:pronoun[She] P:verb [left] P:/object/ pronoun [him] P:preposition [in] P:noun [Yonkers.]
In sentence 6, we are introduced to [personal] pronouns and prepositions. You may notice that personal pronouns are the only words in English that have a different form for subject and object, i.e. sentence 6 is not *She left he.
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sentence parts
The Simple Sentence and Its Parts 1, 2, 3,
Sentence - is a group of words that express a complete meaning makes a sentence. In order to have a meaning, two elements are necessary: a subject, a person or thing to speak about, and a predicate, something to say about the person or thing.
The term part of speech refers to the job that a word does in a sentence - to its function or use. Since there are eight separate jobs, words are divided into eight classes or eight parts of speech: noun, pronoun, verb, adjective, adverb, preposition, conjunction, interjection.
The simple sentence and its parts
SENTENCE 1. Subject, verb, object
Sentence 1: Mary makes music.
Contituents of a sentence: Subject [Mary] Predicate [makes music]
Sentence Analysis: S:noun [Mary] P:verb [makes] P:object: noun [music]
Sentence 1 shows that a sentence must have two main branches: the subject and the predicate. The subject is usually the 'doer', or the person/thing described. The predicate means 'the rest of the sentence' to put it crudely but simply.
The verb conveys an action or state. The object is the person/thing at the receiving end of the action, hence music is the object of the verb makes.
Noun, verb, noun are the constituents called word classes or parts of speech. Words are classed according to their grammatical properties.
In every sentence there must be a finite verb, i.e. a verb with a tense. A verb can change its form to show tense, e.g. make; made. The verb in sentence 1 is in the present tense.
In sentence 1 the subject and object are nouns. They could be pronouns: She makes it.
SENTENCE 2: Subject, verb
Sentence 2: Mary fell.
Constituents of a sentence: Subject [Mary] Predicate [fell]
Sentence Analysis: S:noun [Mary] P:verb [fell]
In sentence 2 there is no object. Mary didn't fall her body, etc. The verb to fall can't take an object; it is an intransitive verb. Other intransitive verbs are to cough, to hesitate, etc.
Verbs that must take an object are called transitive verbs. Other transitive verbs are to have, to afford, etc.
SENTENCE 3: Adjective, adverb
Sentence 3: Big dogs snore loudly.
Constituents of a sentence: Subject [Big dogs] Predicate [snore loudly]
Sentence Analysis: S:adj [Big] S:noun [dogs] P:verb [snore] P:adverb [loudly]
Sentence 3 reminds us that adjectives mostly come before the noun, and adverbs of manner often follow the verb [or verb + object].
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The term part of speech refers to the job that a word does in a sentence - to its function or use. Since there are eight separate jobs, words are divided into eight classes or eight parts of speech: noun, pronoun, verb, adjective, adverb, preposition, conjunction, interjection.
The simple sentence and its parts
SENTENCE 1. Subject, verb, object
Sentence 1: Mary makes music.
Contituents of a sentence: Subject [Mary] Predicate [makes music]
Sentence Analysis: S:noun [Mary] P:verb [makes] P:object: noun [music]
Sentence 1 shows that a sentence must have two main branches: the subject and the predicate. The subject is usually the 'doer', or the person/thing described. The predicate means 'the rest of the sentence' to put it crudely but simply.
The verb conveys an action or state. The object is the person/thing at the receiving end of the action, hence music is the object of the verb makes.
Noun, verb, noun are the constituents called word classes or parts of speech. Words are classed according to their grammatical properties.
In every sentence there must be a finite verb, i.e. a verb with a tense. A verb can change its form to show tense, e.g. make; made. The verb in sentence 1 is in the present tense.
In sentence 1 the subject and object are nouns. They could be pronouns: She makes it.
SENTENCE 2: Subject, verb
Sentence 2: Mary fell.
Constituents of a sentence: Subject [Mary] Predicate [fell]
Sentence Analysis: S:noun [Mary] P:verb [fell]
In sentence 2 there is no object. Mary didn't fall her body, etc. The verb to fall can't take an object; it is an intransitive verb. Other intransitive verbs are to cough, to hesitate, etc.
Verbs that must take an object are called transitive verbs. Other transitive verbs are to have, to afford, etc.
SENTENCE 3: Adjective, adverb
Sentence 3: Big dogs snore loudly.
Constituents of a sentence: Subject [Big dogs] Predicate [snore loudly]
Sentence Analysis: S:adj [Big] S:noun [dogs] P:verb [snore] P:adverb [loudly]
Sentence 3 reminds us that adjectives mostly come before the noun, and adverbs of manner often follow the verb [or verb + object].
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Answers to Modals 1
1. come 2. have said 3. have taken 4. Would you [please] hand me that book? 5. Could I [please] borrow your wheelbarrow? 6. May I [please] have a cup of coffee? 7. closing 8. .... if I showed you.... 9. ....taking ..... 10. must not 11. must/have to 12. must/have to 13. ....did Tom have to...14. Did John have to ..... 15. ... don't have to..... 16. .... have had to .....17. ....has had to....
18. Don't you have to.... 19. .....had to ..... 20. .....doesn't have to.....
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18. Don't you have to.... 19. .....had to ..... 20. .....doesn't have to.....
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